
Explore Winchester, Alfred the Great's capital, from coronation origins to St Cross and Henry VIII's painted Round Table. From a Celtic ford and Roman town to Saxon Wynton Cester, Winchester rose with Alfred the Great during England's struggle against the Danes. After retreating to the Somerset marshes, Alfred reorganized Wessex and established Winchester as a center of government, worship, and learning. The Great Hall of the Norman castle housed the treasury and exchequer, kept the Domesday Book, and even hosted parliaments into the 1300s. After a fire in 1302, the bishop's palace near the cathedral became the preferred royal residence. Bishop Henry de Blois founded the Hospital of St Cross, England's oldest almshouse, originally for 13 poor men. Two orders of brothers remain, in black and in purple, with weekly tokens of charity that recall centuries of care. In the 15th century, Cardinal Henry Beaufort, so powerful he once pawned the royal crown to lend money to the king, expanded this vision of welfare and service. Winchester Cathedral grew from the Old Minster, the spiritual heart of Wessex. Here the
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